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Cow Hocks in Dogs: Myths, Implications, and Correction with Exercises

fitness866

Updated: 2 days ago

Cow hocks have always been a common conversation topic between my clients and me, and I get asked about them a lot. You may be asking, what are cow hocks? This posture is characterised by a distinctive inward bending of the hind legs where the hocks point toward each other and the back paws face outwards - see the photo below. It raises many questions about its effect on our dogs and their performance, as well as how to correct it or if it's even possible. In this post, we will delve into the topic, explore common myths, shed light on the benefits of correcting them, and provide specific exercises to improve your dog's alignment.



Dog with cow hocks - the Orange line follows the line of the rear pastern, showing the hocks are turned in, the yellow/green line is the vertical line for comparison.
Dog with cow hocks - the Orange line follows the line of the rear pastern, showing the hocks are turned in, the yellow/green line is the vertical line for comparison.

Here is an example of a dog who does not have cow hocks.
Here is an example of a dog who does not have cow hocks.

Common Myths

Cow Hocks Improve Turning Speed

It's a common misconception that cow hocks enhance a dog's agility and turning ability. While external hip rotation can play a role in lateral movement, it's just one element in the complex process of changing direction.


Myth 2: Cow Hocks Cannot Be Corrected

While dogs may have variations in the conformation of their back legs, cow hocks are one of those things that can absolutely be improved with correct conditioning. striving for functional neutral alignment is essential. Promoting excessive cow hock alignment as a default state can lead to muscle imbalances and increase the risk of injuries.


Biomechanical Impact of Cow Hocks

Cow hocks significantly alter the biomechanical distribution of forces in the hind limbs. This posture, characterised by inward angulation at the hocks, creates rotational stress that affects joints above and below, particularly the stifle and hip. The consequences may include:

  • Increased joint strain: Misalignment may subject the stifle and hip to excessive pressure, leading to accelerated cartilage wear and ligament strain.

  • Gait alterations: Dogs with abnormal hind limb angles often develop compensatory gait patterns, resulting in reduced stride length and mobility limitations.

  • Kinetic chain dysfunction: Abnormal force distribution impacts the entire kinetic chain, causing secondary issues such as lumbar spine discomfort and forelimb overloading.

Correcting cow hocks improves biomechanical function by restoring joint health, enhancing movement efficiency, and optimising overall performance.


Genetics and Conformation

The genetic basis for cow hocks remains under-researched. However, studies on canine conformation and genetic predispositions provide valuable insights:

  • Breeds such as German Shepherds, Border Collies, and Shelties may be more predisposed to hind limb angulation traits like cow hocks due to selective breeding.

  • The role of environmental factors such as improper exercise and poor nutrition during growth phases may exacerbate this condition.

Understanding the balance between genetic predisposition and environmental influences is key to managing and potentially mitigating the severity of cow hocks.


Early Detection and Intervention

Early detection of cow hocks is critical to prevent long-term complications. Indicators include:

  • Posture observations: Inward angulation of the hocks and a narrow hind limb stance.

  • Movement patterns: Rotational or swaying movements during walking.

Strategies for early intervention include:

  1. Puppy conditioning: Age-appropriate exercises targeting hip adductors and promoting proper alignment.

  2. Surface management: Providing non-slip flooring to prevent slipping and support natural posture.

  3. Professional assessment: Regular evaluations by a canine physiotherapist or veterinarian to identify alignment issues and develop intervention plans.

Research supports the importance of early intervention. Studies on angular limb deformities highlight the benefits of addressing these issues during developmental stages to minimise complications.


The Benefits of Improving Cow Hocks

Correcting cow hocks offers numerous benefits:

  • Joint stability: Proper alignment reduces the risk of ligament injuries, meniscus damage, or tendonitis.

  • Load distribution: Ensures even weight distribution, minimising the risk of conditions like osteoarthritis.

  • Muscle efficiency: Prevents compensatory patterns and energy wastage, supporting optimal muscle function.

  • Kinetic chain alignment: Reduces compensatory stress on other areas of the body, like the spine or forelimbs.

  • Injury risk reduction: Proper hind limb angles reduce the likelihood of chronic overuse injuries.

  • Improved function and performance: Enhances biomechanical efficiency and movement control, particularly for sporting and working dogs.


How to Improve Cow Hocks with Specific Exercises

Below are a few exercises to help improve your dog's cow hocks:

  1. Adducted stand – PL focus: Position both rear feet on a single platform to encourage engagement of the hip adductors.

  2. Sit, stand, and down exercises: Use equipment to guide the correct positioning of the back legs and reinforce alignment.

  3. Dynamic transitions: Exercises like sit-down-sit and down-stand-down focus on alignment during both static and dynamic phases.


Strengthening the hip adductors and hip extensors is essential. Flexibility work should also target hip flexors, hamstrings, abductors, and gluteal muscles.


Summary

Cow hock alignment in dogs can impact their health, well-being, and performance. Correcting this alignment offers benefits such as joint stability, efficient muscle function, and reduced injury risks. Implementing specific exercises and consulting professionals are critical steps. Patience and consistency are essential for achieving long-term success.



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